World Largest Blue Star Sapphire found in Sri Lanka (Rathnapura - The land of gems)

World's Largest Blue Star Sapphire Found - Worth $300 Million

The world’s biggest blue star sapphire was recently found in an exceedingly Sri Lankan mine, advisement associate astonishing one,404 carats. The owner, WHO remains anonymous, of the rare sapphire has valued the gem at over $300 million. Reports indicate that the sapphire was found in Ratnapura near  Sri Lanka within the fall of 2015 and {just recently|only recently|only within the near past} surfaced in the international community.

The recent notice couldn't have return at a stronger time, on the heels of a surge in sapphire demand worldwide compared to diamond demand for engagement rings. This demand is essentially owing to Kate Middleton’s band, originally given to Princess of Wales. The 12-carat oval Ceylon blue sapphire has reignited demand for sapphires, a gem Sri Lanka is understood for.

Blue star sapphires seem opaque below traditional circumstances, however, once placed below a lightweight it'll exhibit a six-pointed star. The unrevealed emptor named the gem The Star of Adam when a Muslim belief that Adam visited Sri Lanka when he was sent removed from the Garden of Eden.

Sri Lanka – The Jewel Box of the ocean

Sri Lanka, at one time called Ceylon, may be a little island situated to the southeast of Republic of India with terribly distinct and fascinating earth science origins. the bulk of Sri Lanka (90%) sits on eon formations that originate to quite a pair of billion years previous. The island originally was a part of} the southern part of Gondwana and was later on broken off and captive north with the Indian plate.

The majority of gems square measure found within the Highland series and square measure related to ancient deposit deposits. Sri Lanka is understood for its huge abundance of gemstones {in a|during a|in an exceedingly|in a terribly} very little geographic region and is particularly accepted for his or her blue sapphires, star sapphires, and cat’s eyes.

US Lanka Gem to participate in GJX Tucson Show

US Lanka Gem (www.uslankagem.com) will be participating on the GJX Tucson Gem & Jewelry Show this year. You can buy real natural ceylon gemstones at this event. Please visit www.uslankagem.com for more information.

New website launched for Gem Cottage

The new website of Gem Cottage (www.gemcottage.com) has been launched today. I created this website with fully e-commerce integration with PayPal. There are hundreds of natural Ceylon Sapphires and other gemstones listed for sale in this website.

Please visit www.gemcottage.com to see their collection. Some times all the gems will not uploaded as yet. Gem Cottage sells gemstones for decades and due to global market collapse, their online sales were stopped and started the development of the new website. Now the website is much easy to navigate and buy.

www.gemcottage.com

New Emerald Deposit in Canada

A geologist prospecting for a Canadian base-metals company stumbled on some gem quality emeralds, while prospecting in the Yukon Territory of Canada. Although details are sketchy, the company plans to partner with an established gemstone mining/marketing company to develop the deposit. The quality is said to rival that of Columbian gems. More details will emerge later.

Faceters' Stone Chat" - Jan - March 2010

Faceters' Stone Chat" - Jan - March 2010

Dear All,

The above magazine which contains a wealth of information for Lapidarists is available for reference at the Export Promotion Division.

Best Regards,

Ajith Perera,
Actg. Deputy Director General,
National Gem and Jewellery Authority.

Present status of E.M.S. facility offered at the 'N.G.J.A.'

Subject: Present status of E.M.S. facility offered at the ‘N.G.J.A.’

Date : 23.02.2010

Dear All,



1). In accordance with our request made on 11.12.2009 a meeting was convened by the Post Master General on 16.02.2010. This meeting was Chaired by him and the participants included Chairman E.D.B., Actg. D.D.G.– N.G.J.A., D.G.M.(S.L.I.C.), Secretary & Executive committee members of ‘S.L.G.J.A.’ among others.

2). Following decisions were taken at the meeting.



(a) Instead by ‘E.M.S.’, Gem & Jewellery parcels have to be sent under insured

letter category in the future. This category of parcels are also transported in the same flight along with E.M.S. category mail. Therefore there will not be any undue delays, and the parcels will be acknowledged on delivery and the exporters will have to incur a lesser cost.



(b) Insurance cover for the parcel has to be obtained by the exporter from SLIC

Ltd or any authorized Insurer. It is not necessary to obtain additional

insurance cover from Postal Department. It will be compulsory to affix a

sticker indicating insurance cover and a bar Code label on the parcel.



(c) Postal Department will develop a special page on their website for gem

and jewellery exporters to enable them to track the movements of their

export parcels.



Submitted for your kind information.



Ajith Perera

Actg. Deputy Director General

National Gem & Jewellery Authority

Ceylon Sapphires International

Ceylon Sapphires International is pleased to announce that we are nowoffering the following International Standard Lapidary Servicesto the Sri Lankan Gem & Jewellery trade:

Sawing, Pre-forming and Calibrating rough gemsFacetting and Cabbing – Standard and FancyshapesFacetting and Cabbing BriolettesUltra-Sonic Drilling of gemsRe-shaping, Re-polishing, Re-cutting andRepairing of gems, including Cat’s Eyes and StarSapphires/RubiesOur experienced, skilled and knowledgeable staff can handle large orsmall quantities, in sizes ranging from 1.5 mm upwards.

Contact Details
Ceylon Sapphires International
156, 2ndFloor, Hospital Road
Kalubowila, Dehiwela

Carnet Invoices

Many foreign Guaranteeing Associations are complaining to us that our present format of invoicing Carnets has caused them many problems sometimes resulting in mistakes. The current practice is as follows:

If a customer takes Gold Jewellery, Silver Jewellery and Gems they are categorized under separate lists as List A, List B, and List C carrying numbers from 1 to whatever, in each list. As a result say item No. 7 can be in all three lists. What they recommend now is to have one list serially ordered. It will ensure that a particular number refers to a one item only. Example if Gold Jewellery is 1 – 100, Silver Jewellery is 1 – 50 and Gems 1- 25 the suggested format will carry numbers from 1 – 175 instead of being broken down into three separate lists. The London Chamber has informed us that they will reject any Carnet in the future not complying with the suggested format. Please be good enough to inform all exporters accordingly.

INTERVIEW BY THE FINANCIAL REVIEW OF THE DAILY ISLAND NEWSPAPERS ON 24THJUNE 2009

Exorbitant auditors’ fees negate export rewards scheme

By Devan Daniel

Exporters are having to pay high fees to auditors when completing their paperwork for the Export Development Reward Scheme and are still facing difficulties with commercial banks charging high interest rates on loans despite several reductions in policy rates by the Central Bank during the past few months.

According to the government’s Export Development Reward Scheme (EDRS), introduced to help exporters counter the ill affects of the global financial crisis, if exporters can maintain more than 90 percent of their returns compared with the corresponding quarter of the previous year, a reward of 3 percent of the export value will be paid by the government.

A reward of 5 percent will be paid to those who equal quarterly export proceeds.

Auditors are required to issue a certificate authenticating export proceeds. This certificate must then be handed over to the Commerce Department along with Customs clearance certificates when applying for the reward.

Exporters said auditors had initially been reluctant to issue the certificates without conducting a proper audit which was time consuming and defeated the purpose of having the reward as a timely relief package of sorts. But this issue has now been settled.

However, exporters have to pay a high fee to have their export proceeds certified.

"We have to bear a high cost for auditors’ certifications of export proceeds and this tends to go against the very concept of a stimulus package," Chairman of the National Chamber of Exporters Rohan Fernando told the Island Financial Review.

Some audit firms are known to bill their clients as much as Rs. 100,000 for a certificate.

Fernando said getting Customs clearance certificates was not a difficult issue.

When the EDRS was first introduced, exporters were anxious it would be implemented smoothly but this was not the case when the Department of Commerce had to be called in to takeover the administration of the scheme from the Export Development Board, causing some discomfort to exporters during the transition.

Applications had to be handed over to the Department of Commerce within 45 days after each quarter.

"We hope the rewards will be in liquid form, because this is what we really need right now," Fernando said.

"Banks have still not revised their interest rates on lending despite the Central Bank cutting its policy rates and this is still a big issue for exporters," he said.

Exporters criticised that those who really needed the stimulus would not get it as meeting last year’s export targets would be extremely difficult under the current global environment but authorities defended this requirement on the grounds that firms should still attempt to improve their productivity in these difficult times.

Sri Lanka’s export earnings slumped by 16.2 percent during the first four months of the year compared with the previous year. The apparel sector however recorded a 2 percent growth.

According to the Department of Census and Statistics more than 60,000 apparel workers had lost their jobs during the first quarter. The Labour Department said about 70,000 jobs in all sectors had been lost since the global economic crisis began to impact Sri Lanka towards the end of last year. Some politicians and trade unionists said the number was about 100,000.

‘Sri Lanka Rising’ - to attract export, expand market

The country will be projected under a new theme “Sri Lanka Rising” to the international market in attracting exports and expanding our markets, President, National Chamber of Exporters Sri Lanka (NCESL) Rohan Fernando said. The Chamber is working towards disseminating this simple message through our products, he said.

He called for an urgent national policy on development, energy and water emphasizing the need to conserve water and energy and to make maximum use. “We have the potential and we work with Government institutions to create a positive frame of mind. This is what we try to inculcate in our members as a business community”, he said.

Under the current economic environment we stood up to a worldwide recession and fought a war which was the worst in the world.

We overcame these challenges successfully. The country was not badly affected by recession due to the stringent financial regulations. Firstly, as a Sri Lankan and as business community we congratulate the correct political leadership, armed forces and others involved in the successful role against the war, he said.

There is a saying that “when one door closes at least another door opens” and we need to concentrate on the avenues available for development.

The upbeat about the future and achieving the goals is not a difficult task, Fernando said. We need to strive to look at other openings.

Sri Lanka’s economy is resilient to the point that there is an abundance of natural strengths and resources. These natural strengths including military expertise could be made use of in international wars.

The natural resources such as marine, water, wind and solar are not exploited fully. Steps are needed to extend our maritime economic zone to broaden our boundaries. The sea contains natural resources including fish, minerals, carbon resources and power generation capacity by way of geo- thermal.

It’s our responsibility to harness all these resources. We are an island nation. The Government needs to have a timeframe to stop importing fish, he said.

“This is a time that we can set up our basic infrastructure and ground work. After the recession there will be a boom point. This could propel so many other silent dormant activities. We should be prepared to take full use of the world economic expansion”, he said.

Sri Lanka has a vast potential in converting many areas of food production in to consumer ready items.

Tea recorded a one billion dollar turnover two years ago. It has the potential to be a five billion industry and 3.5 billion kilograms of tea are consumed annually. Tea is no more a poor man’s beverage. It is a health related product and tea could also produce a range of by-products which are health supportive and aimed at life support.

We can expand our tea export industry to make Sri Lanka a tea export nation. This would facilitate national economic growth, Fernando said.

Regarding milk production, it is far from satisfactory. We are confident that with a proper strategy we could improve liquid milk production. Our garment industry should aim at high end products and value addition.

The North and East development is vital in our economy. These provinces need to produce food items such as fish, onions, potatoes and chillies not only for local consumption, but should be also export oriented.

There is a greater demand for foods and also for natural food and we need to capitalize on this situation, Fernando said. We should encourage local production and this in turn will benefit our farmers. It will also help to save billions of rupees of valuable foreign exchange on food imports, he said.

Facets 2009 - Sri Lanka's premire gem and jewellery show

The great event is about to show the finest gemstones and jewelry of Sri Lanka at the Facets 2009 Gem and Jewellery Exhibition. The even is organized by Sri Lanka Gem and Jewellery Association and The National Gem and Jewellery Authority. The theme of the Facets 2009 is "Gemstones direct from the source".

Facets 2009, 19th Sri Lanka International Gem and Jewellery Show will be held from 3rd to 6th September 2009 at the BMICH, Colombo.

Program to increase gem and jewellery exports in Sri Lanka

The National Gem and Jewellery Authority (NGJA) of Sri Lanka is exploiting new markets to restore the declining exports in the main markets of Sri Lanka. Acting Deputy Director General Ajith Perera said that the authority will launch market promotion programs in Russia, India and the Middle East soon.

As a result of the global economic crisis our exports have declined by 40-50 per cent compared to last year. The main markets for Sri Lankan gems and jewellery are the US and Europe and both markets are now in crisis, because at a crisis these are the products what consumers cut-off first from their shopping list, Perera said.

He said that all efforts will be taken to retain the existing markets as well as exploiting new markets. We encouraged out exporters to attend a big exhibition concluded on February 10 in the US and we gave cash incentives for 25 participants. The NGJA will open a Sri Lankan pavilion at the JCK Las Vegas show to be held from May 30 to June 02. Trade exhibitions have been organized in Russia, India and the Middle East.

We are planning to invite big buyers to the Facets 2009, the biggest annual gem and jewellery exhibition which will be held in September. National Gem and Jewellery Authority has also taken long-term measures to improve the quality of the products by extending training facilities, Perera added. The National Gem and Jewellery Authority will reimburse a part in the training fee and encourage skills development of the industry workers.

The industry sources saith that the impact of the crisis in the end market has spread to the bottom of the industry. There is a decline in mining due to drastic price reduction in the local market. The high gold price too has affected the gem and jewellery industry. Due to the crisis in the stocks and financial markets demand for gold has increased.

JCK New Delhi 2008 Keeps Getting Bigger & Better!

JCK New Delhi 2008, the jewelry exhibition is catching up in the country on a great pace and is now all geared up to brighten Delhi in July at Pragati Maidan. The show will see the best of jewelry manufacturers, wholesalers, exporters and retailers gather and explore huge business opportunity offered through this platform. The exhibition has set new benchmarks in the field of Jewellery trade fairs in India since its inception in 2006 and is on the way of scaling bigger heights year after year.

JCK New Delhi 2008 is backed by Delhi Jewellers Association, World Gold Council and GJEPC and offers a strict business-to-business platform for the most suitable business environment to trade. The exhibition is not only classy & luxurious but is also very meticulously planned out. There are well segmented pavilions of Gold & Fine Jewelry, Diamond & Fine Jewelry, Gem Stones & Gemstone Jewelry, Laboratories, Silver Jewelry & Hollowware, Machinery and Tools for focused exhibition browsing. The show will bind the traders from across India along with various other countries, and would also deliver a world class ambience and a show experience to remember!

Learn more by visiting www.jcknewdelhi.com or click here to contact JCK New Delhi 2008.

Well supported by the industry, the show features 250 prominent exhibitors both in national and international league like:

Aashna Diamonds, Abhay Navinchandra, ACPL, Amore Jewels Pvt. Ltd., Apple Gems International, A'Star Jewellery, Bhavani Jewels, Ciemme Jewels Ltd., CVM Exports, Diam Circle Mfg. Pvt. Ltd, European Gemological Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Forever Precious Jewellery & Diamonds Ltd., Gitanjali Gems Ltd., GDK Jewels Pvt. Ltd., GIE Gold Creations Pvt. Ltd., Golkunda Diamonds & Jewellery Ltd., H K Jewellers, Hammer Plus Jewellery Pvt. Ltd., Hariprasad Gopikrishna Jewellers Pvt. Ltd., IGI, J.B. & Brothers, Jindal Diamonds and Gems Pvt. Ltd., Kantilal Chhotalal, KGK Creations (India) Pvt. Ltd., Kothari Jewels, Kundan Hut, M.R. Chains Pvt. Ltd., Majestic Gems, Nolkha Jewellers, Osia Gems, P. Manoharlal Jewellers & Exporters, Panache Exports Pvt. Ltd., Pranda Jewellery Pvt. Ltd., Ridhi Sidhi Gems, RMC Gems India Limited, Sanghavi Exports International Pvt. Ltd., Shanti Gold, Sheetal Manufacturing, Shivin Jewellers, Solitaire Diam, Sri Balaji Jewellers & Exporters, Suashish Diamonds Limited, S K Chains, Shashwat Jewels, Uni-Design Jewellery India Pvt. Ltd., Vikas Chain, Laxmi Dia Jewel Pvt. Ltd., Ary Gold Designers, GIA India, IDL, IGL, Reliance Money Ltd., Ashlyn Chemunnoor Instruments Pvt. Ltd., Nickunj Eximp Entp P Ltd., Citizen Scale (I) Pvt. Ltd., N Jewellery Techniques Pvt. Ltd., Tache, B&S Antwerp NV, Baymonte, Colombian Stone Co., Ltd., SIDRA S.A.R.L., Siam Shine Star Co. Ltd., Bassano Collection, Jewels & Nuggets and many, many more!

This year JCK New Delhi brings together exhibitors covering the entire jewelry segment & offers a complete range in trends and prices to ensure a reason for our visitors from every segment including organized, family owned, large and small buyers to do profitable business at the show. To ensure that the platform is approachable, various customized marketing initiatives and efforts are being taken for each segment simultaneously, consequently facilitating activities to meet the business objectives of all the exhibitors. Many programs are also undertaken to maximize business transaction possibilities for the exhibitors at the show. Minutest details are being given extra care to deliver a flawless show this time.

Some key show highlights:

~Features an wide variety from each jewelry category - gemstones, diamonds, gold, fine jewelry, high Italian jewelry, machinery & tools, silver jewelry and CZ jewelry to cater to all the retailer's need.

~Special Delhi Pavilion to showcase Delhi manufactures and wholesalers.

~Features unique exhibitor offers for the visitors exclusively for JCK New Delhi 2008.

~A true national scale exhibition covering with enhanced international participation from Thailand, Dubai, Italy, Belgium, Turkey, Lebanon, US, Japan and so on.

~No pre-registration fee for Visitors to encourage the trade to approach keeping the onsite registration fee to Rs. 1000!

~Offers desired serious business environment for pure business and transactions.

~Planned in July, which is the most favorable month for Retailers to buy and browse through the opportunities [Source: as per the survey conducted by the research agency, Facts & Opinion].

Reed Exhibitions Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Mandeep Singh added "We are 90% sold out in the month of April already with prominent players. Also, to pull buyers of various capacities we have special buyers proposition from the exhibitors only available in the 4 days of JCK New Delhi. We also have various campaigns running like Progressive Buyers CRM program to acknowledge leading buyers per city on certain parameters gaining popularity, along with Foot Soldier activity encompassing 9 cities ensuring penetration and high visitor registrations. This should ensure right crowd in right number at the show."

Various facilitation initiatives have been taken like recognizing preferred Airlines by negotiating rates between the ranges INR 499 to 999 from various sectors to Delhi, launching Key to business in India for international participants, doing a Travel Guide for all participants, online meeting scheduling facility for visitors, and so on!

JCK New Delhi 2008 is building to be a complete solution to all the buyer's needs from loose stones to a fine jewelry, from technology to packaging. The show promises to be a comprehensive showcase of ideas and concepts delivering an experience to its visitors!

Diamond Tools

This is a email I got from one of my friend. I hope this will be important for you also. Here is that email as it is...!

Very glad to know your company at the exhibition ! Our factory, Shaboss Abrasive Tools Co., Ltd. has 15years experience of produces exporting the diamond tools , abrasive tools Pliers and Nail Files ,The websites that please enter our factory look over Http://www.diamondtools.com.cn Http://www.plierstool.com Our factory and a lot of famous companies in the world are in the cooperative products,Has your company needed to purchase products recently? Please give me a type and photo, I will help you to purchase , We wish would consider to accept us as your OEM supplier, Waiting for your comments and wish we have a good cooperation!

Best regards and thanks!

Cinky Lu
Shaboss Abrasive Tools Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Ruijiang Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Co., Ltd.
Add:C1,8/F.,Jiangsu Mansion,528 East Laoshan Rd.,Shanghai China
Tel:+86-21-68868420 58760223 Fax:+86-21-68868425 58760223
Mobile:0086-13817743222 P.C:200122
Http://www.diamondtools.com.cn Http://www.plierstool.com
E--Mail: lxdtools@hotmail.com

25th MidEast Watch & Jewellery Show (October 8-12, 2008)

The 25th edition of MidEast Watch & Jewellery Show is set to be held at Expo Centre Sharjah from 8th to 12th October 2008. We are pleased to invite you to participate at the event. The show, a favourite among the leading jewellers in the industry for launching new designs is considered to be the most successful watch and jewellery event in the region.

UAE is one of the top gold-consuming countries in the world and also a major hub of the physical gold trade in the Middle East and Asia. Diamond sale is also on the upswing with the Gulf being the fourth largest market in the world. Industry sources say demand for diamond jewellery has been increasing by more than 40% for the past two years. Rough diamond trade in Dubai itself totaled to US$ 4.8 billion in 2007. In 2007, gold demand rose eight percent to 99.8 tonnes in the UAE according to the World Gold Council figures.

Visitors, both trade and direct buyers, from across the Middle East flock to every edition of the show in search of the most fascinating and wide ranging choices in gold, diamond, pearl, silver, gems, precious stones, loose pearls, watches and other jewellery displays. The strong and extensive visitor campaigns carried out well in advance ensures the turnout of substantial and quality visitors. The MidEast Watch & Jewellery Show is aimed at attracting jewellery trade buyers, importers, traders and retailers and private collectors from across the Middle East region. The event has set an achievement in high sales figures by record gold sales in the country last year.

The show has over the decades gained reputation and acclaim as the Middle East’s longest running watch & jewellery event. It is therefore not surprising that the event boasts of an exhibitor retention rate of over 90%, one of the highest in the region.

The last show in April this year featured more than 350 exhibitors from 25 countries with a 30 per cent increase in exhibition space sold and number of exhibitors over the previous edition. It attracted a record 46,908 trade and direct buyers.

To be a part of this successful show, just complete the enclosed reply form and return to us immediately. On receipt of the form, we will get in touch with you with all the necessary information.

Please visit our website: www.mideastjewellery.com for more information about the show.

Thank you and we look forward to your response.

Sincerely yours,

Abid Maqsood
Cell: +971 50 4742249
Dir: +971 6 5991 201
Main: +971 6 5770 000
Fax: +971 6 5770 111
Email: abid@expo-centre.ae
Web: www.expo-centre.ae

South India Jewellery Show 2008

Dear reader,

Please be our guest at South India Jewellery Show, taking place in "silicon city" of India, Bangalore. Polygon, The Jewellery Industry's Largest Internet Market Place is for the second time official Online Media Partner for this promising Business-To-Business Jewellery Show, in order to promote India jewellery industry in India as well as internationally.

The new venue, Sree Kanteerava Indoor Stadium, perfect timing and support of the industry assure you a great business experience!

Sincerely,

Polygon.net

Latest jewelry news updates around the world

1. Gold reaches US$879.40
   Gold hit a new record high of US$879.40 an ounce in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange Tuesday morning, January 8, beating the previous record of US$875 set in 1980.
   
2. Israel's diamond industry ends 2007 on a high note
   Amidst the changes and challenges faced by the world's diamond industry, including weakness in the US market, Israel's diamond trade figures for 2007 showed a substantial rise in all areas, making 2007 its best year ever.
   
3. India delays gold jewellery hallmarking law
   India has postponed implementation of a new law on hallmarking of gold jewellery to certify their purity due largely to trade concerns that it would disrupt the world's largest gold market.
   
4. Hong Kong jewellery sales up 15 percent
   A vibrant Hong Kong economy and robust tourism industry pushed the city's sales of jewellery, watches and clocks, and valuable gifts to rise by almost 15 percent by volume in November compared to November 2006. By value, the growth was almost 29 percent.
   
5. First diamond training institute established in Ghana
   In Ghana's bid to further grow its diamond industry, it recently opened its first ever diamond- training institute in Accra. The Diamond Technology Training Institute will provide courses to locals on cutting and polishing diamonds, as well as on separating, assorting and grading the stones.

HK fair feels impact of Indian diamond market's liberalisation

Diamond suppliers from all over the world are starting to reap the benefits of a liberalised Indian diamond market. According to exhibitors at the September Hong Kong Jewellery and Watch fair, which concluded on Saturday, the waiving of the import duty on diamonds entering India in May has brought in a big number of diamond buyers from India.

China's diamond jewellery market growing faster than anticipated

As Christina Hudson, DTC marketing director for the Greater China, crunches the numbers, it is plain to see that mainland China's diamond jewellery market is still a world apart in terms of size and sophistication when compared with Hong Kong's. Despite the wide disparity between the two markets, Ms Hudson, as well as DTC director of international markets, David Rudlin, are convinced that mainland China is well on its way to become an equally strong market sooner than many may have thought.

Beryllium-diffused blue sapphires: there are a lot out there, says GIA

If you have a blue sapphire that appears to have been heated at high temperatures, an analysis to discover whether it is beryllium (Be)-treated or not is essential. This is what the director of GIA Research (Thailand), Ken Scarratt, told the audience at the GIA Gemfest Asia held during the September Hong Kong Fair. He also said that an "experiment" conducted by GIA Research revealed "a huge amount of such material out there."